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Laser marking is a versatile and precise technology used in various industries for marking, identifying and tracing products. With the advancing demand for high-quality marking and coding on products, laser marking machines seem to be more prevailing in recent years. This article explores the mechanics, applications, and considerations of laser marking.
Laser marking refers to the process of using a laser beam to mark or label different information, such as 1D and 2D barcodes, serial numbers, lot codes, various-height text and brand logos on objects. Unlike traditional marking methods, laser marking is permanent and can produce high-resolution images and text. It is used across industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, and medical devices.
Laser marking works by directing a concentrated beam of light onto a surface, causing a reaction that alters its appearance. This reaction can be thermal, chemical, or physical, depending on the material and type of laser beams used. Currently, CO2, UV and Fiber laser types are commonly seen. The laser beam is controlled by the host software, which allows for complex designs and high precision.
While both working processes use lasers, the key difference lies in their depth and application. Laser marking is typically more superficial, affecting only the surface layer of a material, which is usually 1D and 2D visually. In contrast, laser engraving removes relatively more material to create deeper marks. Engraving is ideal for creating more pronounced textures, whereas marking is used for surface-level identification.
When you pay more attention to the precision and durability of the marked info, laser marking should be a better choice than inkjet printing. Laser marking is renowned for its remarkable precision and permanence, making it ideal for marking logos, barcodes, serial numbers, or fine text. On the other hand, inkjet printers require more prerequisites to match laser marking's level of clarity, particularly with complicated details.
Laser marking offers several benefits:
1. Precision: High accuracy for intricate designs.
2. Durability: Marks are resistant to wear and tear.
3. Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of materials.
4. Non-contact Process: Reduces risk of material damage.
5. Speed: Quick processing times.
Laser marking machines can adapt to various surfaces by adjusting the laser's wavelength and intensity. Different materials—such as metals, plastics, and ceramics—require different laser types and settings to achieve optimal results. Both UV and CO2 lasers can mark on wood and glass, while fiber lasers cannot. The marking process occurs in just a few milliseconds, but more characters require additional time.
Here's a breakdown of suitable materials for CO2, UV, and Fiber laser marking machines:
CO2 Lasers
Suitable for:
- Wood
- Glass
- Leather
- Plastics
- Paper
- Metals (Coated metal, aluminum)
- Fabrics
UV Lasers
Suitable for:
- Plastics (ideal for high contrast marks)
- Glass
- Ceramics
- Some metals (with coatings)
- Silicon wafers
Fiber Lasers
Suitable for:
- Metals (steel, aluminum, copper, gold, silver)
- Plastics (with additives)
- Ceramics
Not ideal for:
- Wood
- Glass
Each laser type has its strengths depending on the material properties and marking requirements.
When selecting a laser marking system, consider the following variables:
1. Material Type: Different lasers are suited for different materials.
2. Marking Speed and Quality: Balance between speed and detail.
3. Power Requirements: Varying power levels are needed for different tasks. For example, Meejet CO2 laser marking machines have 30W, 40W and 60W to meet different requirements.
4. Software Friendliness: Ease of operation and upgradation.
5. Environment: Suitability for the operational setting.
6. Budget: CO2, fiber, and UV laser marking machines are available to suit a range of production and budget requirements. When they all address your production marking issue, you may choose the one that better meets your budget.
For stationary marking, products are static. Desktop and handlheld marking machines are typically designed for these applications. But for products that are moving on production lines, dynamic marking systems are available where items are in motion. Flying laser marking machines are suitable to be integrated into production lines.
Safety is crucial when using laser systems:
1. Protective Gear: Operators should wear safety glasses.
2. Enclosures: Machines should be enclosed to prevent accidental exposure.
3. Training: Proper training for operators to handle equipment safely.
A well-maintained laser marking machine can have a working life of 50,000 to 100,000 hours, depending on the laser type, and usage and maintenance practices. As for the continuous working hours of a handheld laser marking machine, that depends on the capacity of the battery and the complexity of each print. For example, Meenjet L4PRO handheld laser marking machines can work 6 hours or more on a full charge since it has a massive 9000mAh battery.
Here's an demo video of using L4PRO laser marking machine on different material surfaces.
Preventive maintenance is key to extending the laser marking machine's service life. Methods typically include:
1. Regular Cleaning: Keeping optics and lenses free of dust and debris.
2. System Calibration: Ensuring precision and accuracy.
3. Software Updates: Maintaining up-to-date control systems.
4. Component Inspection: Checking for wear and tear.
In conclusion, laser marking is a critical technology for modern manufacturing, offering precision, efficiency, and versatility. Understanding its capabilities and requirements is essential for selecting and operating the right laser marking machines for your needs.